Evaluation of the ecological status of shallow-water coral reefs in China using a novel method and identification of environmental factors for coral decline.

Coral reefs worldwide have faced extensive damage due to natural catastrophes and anthropogenic disturbances.The decline can cause their widespread collapse and an inability to recover from natural disturbances, highlighting the urgent need for their protection. This study conducted an extensive ecological condition assessment of seven coral reef regions in China's offshore. Our findings revealed the presence of 204 species of scleractinian corals belonging to 16 families. Massive corals were the predominant reef-building corals in all regions. The degradation of coral reef ecosystems was apparent in the present compared to historical reef conditions. The ecosystem suffered varying degrees of damage in surveyed regions according to a novel assessment approach, impling more effective measures should be taken to mitigate the local pressures. Our research establishes a baseline for understanding the status of coral reefs that can be used in future and provides a crucial foundation to designate protective zones for their conservation.

LKB1 regulates autophagy through AMPK/TOR signaling pathway to alleviate the damage caused by Vibrio alginolyticus infection.

LKB1 (liver kinase B1) is a key upstream kinase of AMPK and plays an important role in various cellular activities. While the function and mechanism of LKB1 have been widely reported in the study of tumor, there are few reports on its role in bacterial infectious diseases, especially in shrimp. In the present study, molecular characterization revealed that LvLKB1 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1266 bp encoding 421 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 48 KDa, including the kinase region, N-terminal regulatory domain and C-terminal regulatory domain. LvLKB1 in hepatopancreas and hemocytes was significantly upregulated after infection with Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus). After silencing LvLKB1 gene in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) and artificially infecting V. alginolyticus, the survival rate of L. vannamei was significantly decreased. Subsequently, it was found that the expression of inflammatory factors in hepatopancreas and hemocytes of shrimp was up-regulated, and the expression of lipid oxidation factors was decreased after silencing LKB1, leading to the phenomenon of lipid accumulation in hepatopancreas. In order to explore the mechanism, autophagy levels of shrimp were detected after silencing LKB1, which showed that autophagy levels in hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly reduced. Further studies conclusively showed that silencing LvLKB1 inhibited AMPK phosphorylation induced by V. alginolyticus infection, thereby activating TOR pathway and inhibiting autophagy in shrimp. These results indicate that LvLKB1 regulates autophagy through AMPK/TOR signaling pathway to alleviate the damage caused by V. alginolyticus infection.

Multi-functional carbon nanotube encapsulated by covalent organic frameworks for lithium-sulfur chemistry and photothermal electrocatalysis.

It is significant to tailor multifunctional electrode materials for storing sustainable energy in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries and converting intermittent solar energy into H2, facilitated by electricity. In this context, COF-1@CNT obtained through interfacial interaction fulfilled both requisites via post-functionalization. Upon integrating COF-1@CNT with S as the cathode for Li-S batteries, the system exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 1360 mAh g-1. Subsequently, it maintained a sustained actual capacity even after undergoing 200 charge-discharge cycles at 0.5C. The performance improvement was attributed to the optimized conductivity due to the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Furthermore, the synergistic interaction between the nitrogen of COF-1 and lithium mitigated the shuttle effect in Li-S batteries. In the modified three-electrode electrolytic cell system, COF-1@CNT-Ru produced by COF-1@CNT with RuCl3 showed better electrochemical reactivity for photothermal-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This effect was demonstrated by reducing the overpotential to 140 mV relative to the no-photothermal condition (180 mV) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. This study marked the first simultaneous application of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based materials in Li-S batteries and photothermal-assisted electrocatalysts. The modified electrocatalytic system held promise as a novel avenue for exploring solar thermal energy utilization.

Interspecific plant interaction structures the microbiomes of poplar-soil interface to alter nutrient cycling and utilization.

Terrestrial plants can influence the growth and health of adjacent plants through interspecific interaction. Here, the mechanisms of interspecific plant interaction on microbial function and nutrient utilization in the plant-soil interface (non-rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, and root) were studied by soybean- and potato-poplar intercropping. First, metagenomics showed that soybean- and potato-poplar intercropping influenced the composition and co-occurrence networks of microbial communities in different ecological niches, with higher stability of the microbial community in soybean intercropping. Second, the gene abundance related to carbon metabolism, nitrogen cycling, phosphorus cycling, and sulfur cycling was increased at the poplar-soil interface in soybean intercropping. Moreover, soybean intercropping increased soil nutrient content and enzymatic activity. It showed higher metabolic potential in nutrient metabolism and transportation. Third, functional microorganisms that influenced nutrient cycling and transportation in different intercropping have been identified, namely Acidobacteria, Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonadaceae, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bradyrhizobium. Therefore, intercropping can construct microbial communities to alter metabolic functions and improve nutrient cycling and absorption. Interspecific plant interactions to influence the microbiome were revealed, opening up a new way for the precise regulation of plant microbiome.IMPORTANCEPoplar has the characteristics of wide distribution, strong adaptability, and fast growth, which is an ideal tree species for timber forest. In this study, metagenomics and elemental analysis were used to comprehensively reveal the effects of interspecific plant interactions on microbial communities and functions in different ecological niches. It can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the precise management model in poplar.

Arabidopsis reticulons inhibit ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 to form a stable tubular endoplasmic reticulum network.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected tubules and sheets stretching throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) mediates ER tubule fusion, while reticulon proteins induce ER membrane curvature to produce ER tubules. However, it is unclear if and how RHD3-reticulon interplay during the formation of the interconnected tubular ER network. We discovered that RHD3 physically interacts with Arabidopsis reticulon proteins, including reticulon-like protein subfamily B3 (RTNLB3), on ER tubules and at 3-way junctions of the ER. The RTNLB3 protein is widely expressed in Arabidopsis seedlings and localizes to ER tubules. Although the growth of knockout rtnlb3 mutant plants was relatively normal, root hairs of rtnlb3 were shorter than those of wild type. The ER in mature mutant cells was also more sheeted than that in wild type. rhd3 is known to have short roots and root hairs and less branched ER tubules in cells. Interestingly, rtnlb3 genetically antagonizes rhd3 in plant root development and in ER interconnectivity. We show that reticulons including RTNLB3 inhibit the ER fusion activity of RHD3, partly by interfering with RHD3 dimerization. We conclude that reticulon proteins negatively regulate RHD3 to balance its ER fusion activity for the formation of a stable tubular ER network in plant cell growth.

What Do Higher Alanine Aminotransferase Levels Mean in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency?

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase and related biochemical parameters and potential risk factors in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This is a retrospective cohort study with 126 POI patients (including subclinical POI, n= 27) and 130 healthy controls who visited our clinic between April 2021 to November 2022. Associations were investigated by multiple linear regression, Person correlation analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and the independent t-test. When compared to controls, analysis of POI patients showed that body mass index (BMI), uric acid (UA) and urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count (MONO), neutrophil count (NEUT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher, while estradiol (E2), the lymphocyte count and the AST/ALT ratio were lower (P < 0.05). According to linear correlation, it was clear that BMI, FSH, white blood cell count (WBC), NEUT, MONO, UA, AST, and NLR were positively associated with ALT (r = 0.215, 0.388, 0.195, 0.187, 0.184, 0.605, 0.819, and 0.189, respectively, all P < 0.05) while E2 was negatively associated with ALT (r = -0.278, P < 0.05). In addition, multiple linear regression revealed a significant, independent, and positive correlation between AST, FSH, and ALT (B =1.403 and 0.069, respectively, P < 0.05). Analysis revealed that the levels of ALT were significantly higher in POI patients. In addition, BMI, FSH, UA, AST, MONO, NLR, NEUT, and WBC were positively associated with ALT in POI patients. E2 was negatively associated with ALT. Multiple linear regression revealed an independent and positive correlation between AST, FSH, and ALT. In addition, there was also a risk of liver function damage in women with POI and subclinical POI. If patients were diagnosed with POI, early examination and corresponding intervention will be required to effectively prevent the further development of liver disease.

The miR-669a-5p/G3BP/HDAC6/AKAP12 Axis Regulates Primary Cilia Length.

Primary cilia are conserved organelles in most mammalian cells, acting as "antennae" to sense external signals. Maintaining a physiological cilium length is required for cilium function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent gene expression regulators, and aberrant miRNA expression is closely associated with ciliopathies. However, how miRNAs modulate cilium length remains elusive. Here, using the calcium-shock method and small RNA sequencing, a miRNA is identified, namely, miR-669a-5p, that is highly expressed in the cilia-enriched noncellular fraction. It is shown that miR-669a-5p promotes cilium elongation but not cilium formation in cultured cells. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that miR-669a-5p represses ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein (G3BP) expression to inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression, which further upregulates A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) expression. This effect ultimately blocks cilia disassembly and leads to greater cilium length, which can be restored to wild-type lengths by either upregulating HDAC6 or downregulating AKAP12. Collectively, these results elucidate a previously unidentified miR-669a-5p/G3BP/HDAC6/AKAP12 signaling pathway that regulates cilium length, providing potential pharmaceutical targets for treating ciliopathies.

miR-2765 involved in ammonia nitrogen stress via negative regulation of autophagy in shrimp.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved non-coding tiny endogenous RNA molecule that regulates various cellular functions by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting the degradation of proteins. In this study, we identified a specific miRNA (designed as Pva-miR-2765) from Penaeus vannamei, which widely distributed in different tissues of shrimp, with the highest concentration found in the intestine. Through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we observed that Pva-miR-2765 is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, we found that the expression of Pva-miR-2765 significantly decreased in hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gill under ammonia nitrogen stress. Furthermore, when Pva-miR-2765 was silenced, the autophagy level in shrimp significantly increased. Additionally, Pva-miR-2765 was found to promote pathological damage in the hepatopancreas of shrimp. Subsequently, correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the expression of Pva-miR-2765 and PvTBC1D7. To confirm this interaction, we conducted a dual luciferase reporter gene assay, which demonstrated that Pva-miR-2765 inhibit the expression of PvTBC1D7 by interacting with its 3'UTR. And the expression level of PvTBC1D7 in shrimp decreased significantly under ammonia nitrogen stress in Pva-miR-2765 overexpressed. Our findings suggest that Pva-miR-2765 can reduce autophagy in P. vannamei by inhibiting the regulation of PvTBC1D7, thereby participating in the oxidative stress of shrimp caused by ammonia nitrogen stress.

Targeted ablation of the left middle cervical ganglion prevents ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac injury induced by AMI.

Cardiac sympathetic overactivation is a critical driver in the progression of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The left middle cervical ganglion (LMCG) is an important extracardiac sympathetic ganglion. However, the regulatory effects of LMCG on AMI have not yet been fully documented. In the present study, we detected that the LMCG was innervated by abundant sympathetic components and exerted an excitatory effect on the cardiac sympathetic nervous system in response to stimulation. In canine models of AMI, targeted ablation of LMCG reduced the sympathetic indexes of heart rate variability and serum norepinephrine, resulting in suppressed cardiac sympathetic activity. Moreover, LMCG ablation could improve ventricular electrophysiological stability, evidenced by the prolonged ventricular effective refractory period, elevated action potential duration, increased ventricular fibrillation threshold, and enhanced connexin43 expression, consequently showing antiarrhythmic effects. Additionally, compared with the control group, myocardial infarction size, circulating cardiac troponin I, and myocardial apoptosis were significantly reduced, accompanied by preserved cardiac function in canines subjected to LMCG ablation. Finally, we performed the left stellate ganglion (LSG) ablation and compared its effects with LMCG destruction. The results indicated that LMCG ablation prevented ventricular electrophysiological instability, cardiac sympathetic activation, and AMI-induced ventricular arrhythmias with similar efficiency as LSG denervation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LMCG ablation suppressed cardiac sympathetic activity, stabilized ventricular electrophysiological properties and mitigated cardiomyocyte death, resultantly preventing ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial injury, and cardiac dysfunction. Neuromodulation therapy targeting LMCG represented a promising strategy for the treatment of AMI.

An Arabidopsis Rab18 GTPase promotes autophagy by tethering ATG18a to the ER in response to nutrient starvation.

The expansion of autophagosomes requires a controlled association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the mechanisms governing this process are not well defined. In plants, ATG18a plays a key role in autophagosome formation in response to stress, yet the factors regulating the process are unknown. This study finds that ATG18a acts as a downstream effector of RABC1, a member of the poorly characterized Rab18/RabC GTPase subclass in plants. Active RABC1 interacts with ATG18a on the ER, particularly under nutrient starvation. In rabc1 mutants, autophagy is compromised, especially under nutrient deprivation, affecting the ER association and expansion of ATG18a-positive autophagosomes. Furthermore, both dominant-negative and constitutively active RABC1 forms inhibit autophagy. The dominant inactive RABC1 impedes the ER association of ATG18a, whereas the constitutively active RABC1 delays ATG18a detachment from the ER. Collectively, RABC1 regulates the ER association and the subsequent detachment of ATG18a-positive autophagosomes during nutrient starvation.

Metabolic heterogeneity in different subtypes of malformations of cortical development causing epilepsy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Background: The most common subtypes of malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are gray matter heterotopia (GMH), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and polymicrogyria (PMG). This study aimed to characterize the possible neurometabolic abnormalities and heterogeneity in different MCDs subtypes using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited 29 patients with MCDs and epilepsy, including ten with GMH, ten with FCD, and nine with PMG, as well as 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) from the Epilepsy Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University between August 2018 and November 2021. Inclusion criteria for the patients were based upon typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of MCDs and full clinical assessment for epilepsy. Single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy was used to acquire data from both the lesion and the normal-appearing contralateral side (NACS) in patients and from the frontal lobe in HC. Metabolite measures, including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myoinositol (Ins), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) concentrations, were quantitatively estimated with linear combination model (LCModel) software and corrected for the partial volume effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results: The NAA concentration was lower and the Ins concentration was higher in the MCDs lesions than in the NACS and in HC (P=0.002-0.007), and the Cho and Cr concentrations were higher in MCDs lesions than in HC (P=0.001-0.016). Moreover, the Cho concentration was higher in NACS than in HC (P=0.015). In the GMH lesions, the only metabolic alteration was an NAA reduction (GMH_lesion vs. HC: P=0.001). In the FCD lesions, there were more metabolite abnormalities than in the other two subtypes, particularly a lower NAA and a higher Ins than in HC and NACS (P=0.012-0.042). In the PMG lesions, Cr (lesion vs. HC or NACS: P=0.017-0.021) and Glx (lesion vs. NACS: P=0.043) were increased, while NAA was normal. Correlation analysis revealed that the Cr concentration in MCDs lesions was positively correlated with seizure frequency (r=0.411; P=0.027). Conclusions: Based upon 1H-MRS, our study demonstrated that different MCDs subtypes exhibited variable metabolic features, which may be associated with distinct functional and cytoarchitectural properties.

Study on the correlation between bioelectrical impedance analysis index and protein energy consumption in maintenance dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) has been reported to be pretty common in maintenance dialysis patients. However, the existing PEW diagnostic standard is limited in clinical use due to the complexity of it. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), as a non-invasive nutritional assessment method, can objectively and quantitatively analyze the changes of body tissue components under different nutritional states. We aim to explore the association between PEW and BIA and establish a reliable diagnostic model of PEW. METHODS: We collected cross-sectional data of 609 maintenance dialysis patients at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. PEW was diagnosed according to International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria. Among them, 448 consecutive patients were included in the training set for the establishment of a diagnostic nomogram. 161 consecutive patients were included for internal validation. 52 patients from Zhejiang Hospital were included for external validation of the diagnostic model. Correlation analysis of BIA indexes with other nutritional indicators was performed. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of BIA indexes with PEW. 12 diagnostic models of PEW in maintenance dialysis patients were developed and the performance of them in terms of discrimination and calibration was evaluated using C statistics and Hosmer-Lemeshow-type χ2 statistics. After comparing to existing diagnostic models, and performing both internal and external validation, we finally established a simple but reliable PEW diagnostic model which may have great value of clinical application. RESULTS: A total of 609 individuals from First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University and 52 individuals from Zhejiang Hospital were included. After full adjustment, age, peritoneal dialysis (compared to hemodialysis), subjective global assessment (SGA, compared to non-SGA) and water ratio were independent risk factors, while triglyceride, urea nitrogen, calcium, ferritin, BCM, VFA and phase angle were independent protective factors of PEW. The model incorporated water ratio, VFA, BCM, phase angle and cholesterol revealed best performance. A nomogram was developed according to the results of model performance. The model achieved high C-indexes of 0.843 in the training set, 0.841 and 0.829 in the internal and external validation sets, respectively, and had a well-fitted calibration curve. The net reclassification improvement (NRI) showed 8%, 13%, 2%, 38%, 36% improvement of diagnostic accuracy of our model compared with "PEW score model", "modified PEW score model", "3-index model", "SGA model" and "BIA decision tree model", respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BIA can be used as an auxiliary tool to evaluate PEW risk and may have certain clinical application value.

Fuzzy inference-based LSTM for long-term time series prediction.

Long short-term memory (LSTM) based time series forecasting methods suffer from multiple limitations, such as accumulated error, diminishing temporal correlation, and lacking interpretability, which compromises the prediction performance. To overcome these shortcomings, a fuzzy inference-based LSTM with the embedding of a fuzzy system is proposed to enhance the accuracy and interpretability of LSTM for long-term time series prediction. Firstly, a fast and complete fuzzy rule construction method based on Wang-Mendel (WM) is proposed, which can enhance the computational efficiency and completeness of the WM model by fuzzy rules simplification and complement strategies. Then, the fuzzy prediction model is constructed to capture the fuzzy logic in data. Finally, the fuzzy inference-based LSTM is proposed by integrating the fuzzy prediction fusion, the strengthening memory layer, and the parameter segmentation sharing strategy into the LSTM network. Fuzzy prediction fusion increases the network reasoning capability and interpretability, the strengthening memory layer strengthens the long-term memory and alleviates the gradient dispersion problem, and the parameter segmentation sharing strategy balances processing efficiency and architecture discrimination. Experiments on publicly available time series demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better performance than existing models for long-term time series prediction.

Mendelian randomization study shows a causal effect of asthma on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk.

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to explore the causal association between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). METHODS: We obtained summary statistics for asthma from 408,442 Europeans in an open genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the UK Biobank to select strongly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms that could serve as instrumental variables for asthma (P < 5×10-8). Additional summary statistics for COPD were obtained from 193,638 individuals of European ancestry in the GWAS published by FinnGen. Univariable Mendelian randomization(UVMR) analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method of analysis. The reliability of the results was verified by multivariable MR(MVMR), reverse and replication MR analysis, and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the UVMR analysis, asthma increased the risk of COPD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-1.39, P = 5.44×10-7). Estimates were consistent in MVMR analyses by the adjustments of smoking initiation, age of smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, PM 2.5, and the combination of the above factors. In the reverse MR analysis, there was no evidence of a causal effect of COPD on asthma risk(OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.97-1.07, P = 0.3643). In the replication MR analysis, asthma still increased the risk of COPD. Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the above associations. CONCLUSIONS: We found that genetically predicted asthma was positively associated with the risk of COPD. Additionally, there was no evidence that COPD increases the risk of asthma. Further clarification of this link and underlying mechanisms is needed to identify feasible measures to promote COPD prevention.

Perilipin 1 Deficiency Prompts Lipolysis in Lipid Droplets and Aggravates the Pathogenesis of Persistent Immune Activation in Drosophila.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly dynamic intracellular organelles, which are involved in lots of biological processes. However, the dynamic morphogenesis and functions of intracellular LDs during persistent innate immune responses remain obscure. In this study, we induce long-term systemic immune activation in Drosophila through genetic manipulation. Then, the dynamic pattern of LDs is traced in the Drosophila fat body. We find that deficiency of Plin1, a key regulator of LDs' reconfiguration, blocks LDs minimization at the initial stage of immune hyperactivation but enhances LDs breakdown at the later stage of sustained immune activation via recruiting the lipase Brummer (Bmm, homologous to human ATGL). The high wasting in LDs shortens the lifespan of flies with high-energy-cost immune hyperactivation. Therefore, these results suggest a critical function of LDs during long-term immune activation and provide a potential treatment for the resolution of persistent inflammation.

A Highly Stretchable Force Sensitive and Temperature Sensitive Sensor Material with the Sandwich Structure of PDMS + PDMS/GaInSn + PDMS.

Flexible conductive sensor materials have received great attention for their sensitive electrical response to external conditions and their promising applications in flexible wearable and robotic applications. In this work, a highly stretchable force sensitive and temperature sensitive sensor material with a sandwich structure was prepared from the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the liquid metal (LM) gallium-indium-tin alloy (GaInSn). The sandwich structure (PDMS + PDMS/GaInSn + PDMS) was proven to prevent the "leakage" of LM. The preparation method of the sensing material was simple and time-saving (less than 1.5 h) and can be used for industrial production. The electrical performance analysis results confirmed that the resistance (R) of the material was sensitive to the external force, such as repeated stretching, compressing, bending, and impacting. The ΔR/R changed periodically and stably with the repeated stretching, when the GaInSn/Part A ≥ 0.4, the cyclic tensile strain ≤ 50%, and the cyclic tensile rate ≤ 2.5 mm/min. The R of the sensor materials was also responsive to the temperature, such as hot air and liquid nitrogen. In conclusion, this work provides a method for preparing sensing materials with the sandwich structure, which was confirmed to be sensitive to force and temperature without leaking LM, and it produced different types of R signals under different deformations and different temperatures.

A bibliometric analysis of exosomes in sepsis from 2004 to 2022.

The study aims to summarize topical and frontier issues in sepsis and exosomes and provide advice and resources for researchers working in related disciplines. Publications on exosomes in sepsis from 2004 to 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.3 were used to conduct the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications on exosomes in sepsis showed a rapidly rising trend globally. China and the United States were the most published countries. Shanghai Jiao Tong University is the most prolific institution. Frontiers in Immunology was one of the journals with the highest number of papers. Journal of Immunology was the most co-cited journal. Ping Wang was the most productive author. Clotilde Thery was the author who has been cited the most times among co-cited authors. Singer m, 2016, Jama-j am med assoc was the most co-cited reference. "Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes," "microRNAs," "apoptosis," and "immunomodulatory therapy" are the current research hot spots and frontiers. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and trends in sepsis and exosomal research. Researchers working in this area will benefit from the hot spots and trends of exosomes in sepsis discovered through this study.

Development of Novel Formulation for Sustained Release of Drug to Prevent Swainsonine-Containing Plants Poisoning in Livestock.

Swainsonine-containing plants contain swainsonine which has been shown to cause neurological signs and pathological changes in farm animals. It causes a large number of livestock poisonings every year resulting in economic losses to the livestock industry. At present, "Jifang E" is used in the prevention of swainsonine-containing plants poisoning livestock, and the preventive effects have been well-documented. However, "Jifang E" is typically administered in drinking water, making it difficult to control the administered dosage, because of feeding difficulties and it may cause certain side effects that are unique to the water-dissolved powder. To overcome these difficulties, we developed a temperature-sensitive gel for injection and the optimal ratio of each formula of sustained-release injection is P407 (24%), P188 (6%), Vitamin C (1%), PEG4000 (0.5%), and "Jifang E" (10%). Our results suggest that novel formulation makes the micellar system more stable and the particles are uniformly dispersed. Colloidal morphological studies showed that each group formed a homogeneous pore structure after gelling, and the structure became more dense with the addition of "Jifang E". The rheological study shows that "Jifang E" is a pseudoplastic fluid, and the addition of "Jifang E" reduces the viscosity of the formula, which is beneficial to the injection. In vitro and in vivo release rate studies have shown that the effective concentration of "Jifang E" can be maintained for 3 to 5 days. The acute toxicity test in SPF Kunming mice showed that its LD50 was 828.323 mg/kg, with confidence limits of 676.706-1013.911 mg/kg, which is a safe dosage (LD50 > 200 mg/kg). There were no observed reactions of muscle irritation or subcutaneous tissue irritation with the dosage used for New Zealand rabbits. In summary, we successfully developed the sustained-release injection formulation of "Jifang E" for the prevention of swainsonine-containing plants poisoning livestock, which provides the basis for subsequent field extension trials and the further study of its detoxification mechanism.

Exploring risk factors for totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs)-related thrombotic occlusion in the off-treatment period.

Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) have been widely used for many years in the management of patients suffering from cancer. Thrombotic occlusion is the most common functional complication in the off-treatment period. This study aims to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for TIVADs-related thrombotic occlusion in patients with breast cancer. The clinical data of 1586 eligible patients with breast cancer with TIVADs at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1 January 2019 to 31 August 2021 were analysed. Thrombotic occlusion was confirmed by angiography with signs of partial or total occlusion. Thrombotic occlusion occurred in 96 (6.1%) cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the insertion site of the catheter (P = 0.004), size of the catheter (P < 0.001), and indwelling time (P < 0.001) were significant factors for thrombotic occlusion. Insertion in the right internal jugular vein, smaller catheter size and shorter indwelling time can lower the incidence of thrombotic occlusion in breast cancer patients with TIVADs in the off-treatment period.

Metagenome Investigation of Ocular Microbiota of Cataract Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: Our objective was to investigate differences in the ocular surface bacterial composition in cataract patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Twenty-four diabetic patients with cataracts (group D) and 14 sex- and age-matched patients with age-related cataracts (group N) were recruited for this study. All samples underwent DNA extraction, fragmentation, purification, library construction, and metagenomic sequencing. Results: The overall conjunctival sac bacterial composition was similar between group D and group N, as determined by alpha diversity and beta diversity. Nevertheless, significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of specific bacteria. At the phylum level, group D had a significantly lower abundance of Chlamydiae, Tenericutes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Cossaviricota, Chytridiomycota, Artverviricota, Zoopagomycota, Peploviricota, Deinococcus-Thermus, Preplasmiviricota, and Nucleocytoviricota. At the genus level, group D had a significantly lower abundance of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Salmonella, Chryseobacterium, Roseovarius, Desulfococcus, Kangiella, Anaerococcus, and Idiomarina but a significantly higher abundance of Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Sphingomonas. Bacteria such as Aquificae, Parabacteroides, Flavobacterium, Austwickia, Aquifex, Tenacibaculum, and Chryseobacterium in group D and Tenericutes, Chlamydiae, Porphyromonas, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Kangiella, Idiomarina, Roseovarius, Aliiroseovarius, and Desulfococcus in group N could be used as conjunctival sac biomarkers, according to the linear discriminant analysis effect size. Gene Ontology functional annotation indicated that bacterial catalytic activity, metabolic processes, locomotion, virion, and reproduction were enriched in group D, while immune system processes were enriched in group N. In addition, the top 30 differentially expressed virulence factors (VFs) were all more enriched in group D. Conclusions: The bacterial composition was similar between the two groups. Several bacterial strains that were reported beneficial in gut were decreased, and pathogenic bacteria were increased in T2D. Furthermore, group D had more active bacterial terms and increased VF expression, suggesting that the susceptibility of diabetic patients to infection is closely related to functional changes in the ocular surface flora. Our conjunctival microbiota atlas provides a reference for investigating ocular complications related to diabetes. Translational Relevance: The altered composition and functional profile of the ocular microbial community in diabetic patients offer evidence for the need to prevent infection during cataract surgery.